Impact of Social Media On Graphic Designers

Impact of Social Media On Graphic Designers The emergence and popularity of online social networks in recent years has changed the Internet ecosystem leading to a more collaborative environment. Nowadays, hundreds of millions of Internet users participate in social networks, form communities, produce and consume media content in revolutionary ways Introduction The internet is basically about people but it is recently seen differently in comparatively terms. Currently, the transformation that is tossing both the worldwide web and the numerous markets that depend and feed on it is possibly in economic terms a correction that is forcing it into being a web of people or a community that utilise websites as communication channels to interact with other people (Fraser Dutta, 2010). In view of this, the composition of the internet has been taking over by web 2.0. Social media can be described as a vehicle for the sharing and cooperative creation of information by individuals and communities (Hansen et al 2010). It particularly depicts online communication tools and applications. Features of a social media platform may include: Collaboration it promote interaction and contribution by audience. It provides an alternative way of transmitting information. Thus, social media tools particularly promote and support feedback, comments, and sharing of information. Community social media furnishes an infrastructure for interaction among existing communities and the formation and interaction of primarily or exclusively web-based communities around common interests or goals. Connectedness social media helps to connect people and information in one place. Web 2.0 is often talked about in the same breath as social media. Web 2.0 is a term that is used to define the evolution of the World Wide Web. While there isnt a hard and fast line between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0, Web 1.0 can be understood to represent a web as information model and Web 2.0 to represent a web as participation model of web activity (Cormode Krishnamurthy, 2008). Characterized by the creation and interaction with content, users take part and collaborate through virtual communities and social media tools which help easy sharing of information and ideas. Examples of social technologies used to create social media include those from communication (such as Blogs), collaboration (such as Wikis), communities (such as Facebook), reviews and opinion (such as Amazon reader review) and multimedia (such as YouTube). On the web, social networks are contained versions of blog network which are spreading out in different directions. To join a social network, users normally create a profile and then build a network by connecting to friends and contacts in the network, or by inviting real-world contacts and friends to join the social network (Goodings2010). These communities retain the interest of their members by being useful to them and providing services that are entertaining or help them to expand their networks (Booth, 2008). Such networks provide an extremely suitable space to instantly share multimedia information between individuals and their neighbours in the social graph. Social networks provide a powerful reflection of the structure and dynamics of the society of the 21st century and the interaction of the Internet generation with both technology and other people (Kumar, 2012). Social Media platforms are not new and almost every graphic designer is reasonably aware of it uses, benefits and effects it. It is a complex web and one shared link leads a graphic designer to another. Generally, individuals from all walks of life are engaged in the use of social media. Similarly, graphic designers patronise social media websites and many of them are reasonably fond on one or more of the social networks. However, noticeably, the current developments and challenges in graphic designing show that, social media has turned to be more of a requirement for almost every graphic designer. Currently, industries, institutions, corporate organizations, government and non-governmental organizations are changing their concentration towards social media for its ability to publicise and promote their interests and activities. With this development, the graphic design industry is no exclusion of this new development as most graphic designers employ the services of social media in one way or the other. By using social media, graphic designers share their views and their designing work and provide useful feedback to each other. Every new development in technology has its own advantages and disadvantages. Social media has its peculiar advantages and disadvantages just as every other technology available to the public for use. Generally, an innovation can either lead to advancement or destruction. Social media has an infinite benefit for graphic designers, however at the same time; it can demonstrate to be having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences. With abundance of internet connectivity and its low cost availability, social media has become the most inexpensive of all promotional media. Also, social media provide the designers an opportunity to learn from fellow designers and put that learned thing into their practice. In spite of the fact that social media provides enormous benefits to graphic designers, its overindulgence is bad. Likewise, too much indulgence in the social media websites may render most designers unproductive and redundant because designers often forget their basic work and go off-the-track from their main purpose and functional duties. It is of this backdrop that this article seeks to find the impact of social media on graphic designers; tailored to unravel the associated benefits and disadvantages derived from the use of social network platforms. This article presents an equilibrated analysis of social media and its impacts on graphic designers. Materials and Methods This is a qualitative research which seeks to investigate the impact of social media on graphic designers in Ghana. Observations and in-depth interviews were used to examine designers participation in online social media networks and its impact as they discharge their functional duties and responsibilities in their respective organizations. The sample frame of this research was drawn from all advertising companies, printing houses, printing presses and marketing companies in the Kumasi metropolis. This was because most of the graphic designers work with these companies and discharge similar or almost the same duties.

Discrimination of Women in Soccer Essay

Gender discrimination and sexism in soccer is hurting many young talented female athletes and their dreams of becoming successful in soccer. Gender inequalities are obvious, but nobody takes the time to try to solve the problem. Media, sport authorities, and many others are responsible of the sexism in soccer. The discrimination among women in soccer is decreasing, but still are many things to solve and many girl dreams of becoming a soccer player totally ended. Male dominance in soccer has become a problem for female athletes, who in the hope of pursuing their dreams in soccer, have been discriminated and treated in an inferior way than males. Soccer is part of our culture, and whether you’re a fan or not, you could probably name one male soccer player. But could you name a women soccer player? Could you name Rachel Yankey? She has scored 17 goals for England National Team, the same as David Beckham, the star of England soccer team. Or could you name Maribel Dominguez? She migrated to USA when FIFA stopped her from playing soccer on a men’s soccer team in Mexico, and in her first year with the Atlanta Beat scored 17 goals and was awarded the Most Valuable Player of the tournament. But have you heard these names before? Women’s soccer has still a long way to go and evolve. According to Hughes (2011, March 11), media has a strong influence in what we see or what we don’t see and unfortunately just 2% of mainstream sports coverage is dedicated to women’s sport, so, how come people can learn or be interested about women’s soccer if sport shows don’t even give them a segment. Also is difficult to find information, matches results, or statistics of women’s competitions.

The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Five

Monday, June 8, 11:15 p.m. Dear Diary, I don't seem to be sleeping very well tonight, so I might as well write you. All day today I've been waiting for something to happen. You don't do a spell like that and have it work like that and then have nothing happen. But nothing has. I stayed home from school because Mom thought I should. She was upset about Matt and Meredith staying so late Sunday night, and she said I needed to get some rest. But every time I lie down I see Sue's face. Sue's dad did the eulogy at Elena's funeral. I wonder who's going to do it for Sue on Wednesday? I've got to stop thinking about things like this. Maybe I'll try to go to sleep again. Maybe if I lie down with my headphones on, I won't see Sue. Bonnie put the diary back in her nightstand drawer and took out her Walkman. She flipped through the channels as she stared at the ceiling with heavy eyes. Through the crackle and sputter of static a D.J.'s voice sounded in her ear. â€Å"And here's a golden oldie for all you fabulous fifties fans. ‘Goodnight Sweetheart' on the Vee Jay label by The Spaniels†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bonnie drifted away on the music. The ice cream soda was strawberry, Bonnie's favorite. The jukebox was playing ‘Goodnight Sweetheart' and the counter was squeaky clean. But Elena, Bonnie decided, would never have really worn a poodle skirt. â€Å"No poodles,† she said, gesturing at it. Elena looked up from her hot fudge sundae. Her blond hair was pulled back in a ponytail. â€Å"Who thinks of these things anyway?† Bonnie asked. â€Å"You do, silly. I'm only visiting.† â€Å"Oh.† Bonnie took a pull at the soda. Dreams. There was a reason to be afraid of dreams, but she couldn't think of it just now. â€Å"I can't stay long,† Elena said. â€Å"I think he already knows I'm here. I just came to tell you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She frowned. Bonnie looked at her sympathetically. â€Å"Can't you remember either?† She drank more soda. It tasted odd. â€Å"I died too young, Bonnie. There was so much I was supposed to do, to accomplish. And now I have to help you.† â€Å"This isn't easy, you know. I don't have that much power. It's hard getting through, and it's hard keeping everything together.† â€Å"Gotta keep it together,† Bonnie agreed, nodding. She was feeling strangely lightheaded. What was in this soda? â€Å"I don't have much control, and things turn out strange somehow. He's doing it, I guess. He's always fighting me. He watches you. And every time we try to communicate, he comes.† â€Å"Okay.† The room was floating. â€Å"Bonnie, are you listening to me? He can use your fear against you. It's the way he gets in.† â€Å"Okay†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"But don't let him in. Tell everyone that. And tell Stefan†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Elena stopped and put a hand to her mouth. Something fell onto the hot fudge sundae. It was a tooth. â€Å"He's here.† Elena's voice was strange, indistinct. Bonnie stared at the tooth in mesmerized horror. It was lying in the middle of the whipped cream, among the slivered almonds. â€Å"Bonnie, tell Stefan†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Another tooth plunked down, and another. Elena sobbed, both her hands at her mouth now. Her eyes were terrified, helpless. â€Å"Bonnie, don't go†¦Ã¢â‚¬  But Bonnie was stumbling back. Everything was whirling around. The soda was bubbling out of the glass, but it wasn't soda; it was blood. Bright red and frothy, like something you coughed up when you died. Bonnie's stomach convulsed. â€Å"Tell Stefan I love him!† It was the voice of a toothless old woman, and it ended in hysterical sobs. Bonnie was glad to fall into darkness and forget everything. Bonnie nibbled at the end of her felt pen, her eyes on the clock, her mind on the calendar. Eight and a half more days of school to survive. And it looked as if every minute was going to be misery. Some guy had said it outright, backing away from her on the stairs. â€Å"No offense, but your friends keep turning up dead.† Bonnie had gone into the bathroom and cried. But now all she wanted was to be out of school, away from the tragic faces and accusing eyes-or worse, the pitying eyes. The principal had given a speech over the P.A. about â€Å"this new misfortune† and â€Å"this terrible loss,† and Bonnie had felt the eyes on her back as if they were boring holes there. When the bell rang, she was the first person out the door. But instead of going to her next class she went to the bathroom again, where she waited for the next bell. Then, once the halls were empty, she hurried toward the foreign language wing. She passed bulletins and banners for end-of-the-year events without glancing at them. What did SATs matter, what did graduation matter, what did anything matter anymore? They might all be dead by the end of the month. Oh, my God, I forgot how gorgeous he is, she thought. Elena, forgive me; I'm going to grab him. â€Å"Stefan!† she said. Then her mind wrenched her back into reality again and she cast a hunted look around. No one was in eyeshot. She grabbed his arm. â€Å"Are you crazy, showing up here? Are you nuts?† â€Å"I had to find you. I thought it was urgent.† â€Å"It is, but-† He looked so incongruous, standing there in the high school hallway. So exotic. Like a zebra in a flock of sheep. She started pushing him toward a broom closet. He wasn't going. And he was stronger than she was. â€Å"Bonnie, you said you'd talked to-â€Å" â€Å"You have to hide! I'll go get Matt and Meredith and bring them back here and then we can talk. But if anybody sees you, you're probably going to get lynched. There's been another murder.† Stefan's face changed, and he let her push him toward the closet. He started to say something, then clearly decided not to. â€Å"I'll wait,† he said simply. It took only a few minutes to find Matt in auto tech and Meredith in economics class. They hurried back to the broom closet and bustled Stefan out of school as inconspicuously as possible, which wasn't very. Someone's bound to have seen us, Bonnie thought. It all depends on who, and how much of a blab they are. â€Å"We have to get him someplace safe-not to any of our houses,† Meredith was saying. They were all walking as fast as they could through the high school parking lot. â€Å"Fine, but where? Wait a minute, what about the boarding house†¦ ?† Bonnie's voice trailed off. There was a little black car in the parking slot in front of her. An Italian car, sleek, svelte, and sexy looking. All the windows were tinted illegally dark; you couldn't even see inside. Then Bonnie made out the stallion emblem on the back. â€Å"Oh, my God† Three sets of eyes turned to him in shock. â€Å"Damon's?† Bonnie said, hearing the squeak in her own voice. She hoped Stefan meant Damon had just loaned it to him. But the car window was rolling down to reveal black hair as sleek and liquidy as the car's paint job, mirrored glasses, and a very white smile. â€Å"Buon giorno,† said Damon smoothly. â€Å"Anybody need a ride?† â€Å"Oh, my God,† Bonnie said again, faintly. But she didn't back away. Stefan was visibly impatient. â€Å"We'll head for the boarding house. You follow. Park behind the barn so nobody sees your car.† Meredith had to lead Bonnie away from the Ferrari. It wasn't that Bonnie liked Damon or that she was ever going to let him kiss her again as he had at Alaric's party. She knew he was dangerous; not as bad as Katherine had been, maybe, but bad. He'd killed wantonly, just for the fun of it. He'd killed Mr. Tanner, the history teacher, at the Haunted House fund-raiser last Halloween. He might kill again at any time. Maybe that was why Bonnie felt like a mouse staring at a shining black snake when she looked at him. In the privacy of Meredith's car Bonnie and Meredith exchanged glances. â€Å"Stefan shouldn't have brought him,† said Meredith. â€Å"Maybe he just came,† Bonnie offered. She didn't think Damon was the sort of person who got brought anywhere. â€Å"Why should he? Not to help us, that's for sure.† Matt said nothing. He didn't even seem to notice the tension in the car. He just stared through the windshield, lost in himself. The sky was clouding up. â€Å"Matt?† â€Å"Just leave it alone, Bonnie,† said Meredith. Wonderful, thought Bonnie, depression settling like a dark blanket over her. Matt and Stefan and Damon, all together, all thinking about Elena. They parked behind the old barn, next to the low black car. When they went inside, Stefan was standing alone. He turned and Bonnie saw that he'd taken off his sunglasses. The faintest chill went through her, just the lightest prickling of the hairs on her arms and neck. Stefan wasn't like any other guy she'd ever met. His eyes were so green; green as oak leaves in the spring. But just now they had shadows underneath. There was a moment of awkwardness; the three of them standing on one side and looking at Stefan without a word. No one seemed to know what to say. Then Meredith went over to him and took his hand. â€Å"You look tired,† she said. â€Å"I came as soon as I could.† He put an arm around her in a brief, almost hesitant hug. He never would have done that in the old days, Bonnie thought. He used to be so reserved. â€Å"I came as soon as I could.† He put an arm around her in a brief, almost hesitant hug. He never would have done that in the old days, Bonnie thought. He used to be so reserved. Stefan and Matt were looking at each other. Here we go, thought Bonnie. It was almost funny; the same expression was on both their faces. Hurt and tired, and trying not to show it. No matter what, Elena would always be between them. At last, Matt stuck out his hand and Stefan shook it. They both stepped back, looking glad to have it over with. â€Å"Where's Damon?† said Meredith. â€Å"Poking around. I thought we might want a few minutes without him.† â€Å"We want a few decades without him,† Bonnie said before she could stop herself, and Meredith said, â€Å"He can't be trusted, Stefan.† â€Å"I think you're wrong,† Stefan said quietly. â€Å"He can be a big help if he puts his mind to it.† â€Å"In between killing a few of the locals every other night?† Meredith said, her eyebrows up. â€Å"You shouldn't have brought him, Stefan.† â€Å"But he didn't.† The voice came from behind Bonnie, behind and frighteningly close. Bonnie jumped and made an instinctive lunge for Matt, who gripped her shoulder. Damon smiled briefly, just one corner of his mouth up. He'd taken off his sunglasses, but his eyes weren't green. They were black as the spaces between the stars. He's almost better looking than Stefan, Bonnie thought wildly, finding Matt's fingers and hanging on to them. â€Å"So she's yours now, is she?† Damon said to Matt casually. â€Å"No,† Matt said, but his grip on Bonnie didn't loosen. â€Å"Stefan didn't bring you?† prompted Meredith from the other side. Of all of them, she seemed least affected by Damon, least afraid of him, least susceptible to him. â€Å"No,† Damon said, still looking at Bonnie. He doesn't turn like other people, she thought. He goes on looking at whatever he wants no matter who's talking. â€Å"You did,† he said. â€Å"Me?† Bonnie shrank a little, uncertain who he meant. â€Å"You. You did the spell, didn't you?† â€Å"The†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Oh, hell. A picture blossomed in Bonnie's mind, of black hair on a white napkin. Her eyes went to Damon's hair, finer and straighter than Stefan's but just as dark. Obviously Matt had made a mistake in the sorting. They took seats on the decaying bales of hay, all except Damon, who remained standing. Stefan was leaning forward, hands on knees, looking at Bonnie. â€Å"You told me-you said that Elena spoke to you.† There was a perceptible pause before he got the name out. His face was tense with control. â€Å"Yes.† She managed a smile for him. â€Å"I had this dream, Stefan, this very strange dream†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She told him about it, and about what had happened after. It took a long time. Stefan listened intently, his green eyes flaring every time she mentioned Elena. When she told about the end of Caroline's party and how they had found Sue's body in the backyard, the blood drained from his face, but he said nothing. â€Å"The police came and said she was dead, but we knew that already,† Bonnie finished. â€Å"And they took Vickie away-poor Vickie was just raving. They wouldn't let us talk to her, and her mother hangs up if we call. Some people are even saying Vickie did it, which is insane. But they won't believe that Elena talked to us, so they won't believe anything she said.† â€Å"And what she said was ‘he,' † Meredith interrupted. â€Å"Several times. It's a man; someone with a lot of psychic power.† â€Å"And it was a man who grabbed my hand in the hallway,† said Bonnie. She told Stefan about her suspicion of Tyler, but as Meredith pointed out, Tyler didn't fit the rest of the description. He had neither the brains nor the psychic power to be the one Elena was warning them about. â€Å"What about Caroline?† Stefan asked. â€Å"Could she have seen anything?† â€Å"She was out front,† Meredith said. â€Å"She found the door and got out while we were all running. She heard the screams, but she was too frightened to go back in the house. And to be honest, I don't blame her.† â€Å"So nobody actually saw what happened except Vickie.† â€Å"No. And Vickie's not telling.† Bonnie picked up the story where she had left off. â€Å"Once we realized nobody would believe us, we remembered Elena's message about the summoning spell. We figured it must have been you she wanted to summon, because she thought you could do something to help. So†¦ can you?† â€Å"I can try,† Stefan said. He got up and walked a little distance away, turning his back on them. He stood like that in silence a while, unmoving. At last he turned back and looked Bonnie in the eyes. â€Å"Bonnie,† he said, quiet but intense, â€Å"in your dreams you actually spoke to Elena face to face. Do you think if you went into a trance you could do it again?† Bonnie was a little frightened by what she saw in his eyes. They were blazing emerald green in his pale face. All at once it was as if she could see behind the mask of control he wore. Underneath was so much pain, so much longing-so much of that intensity that she could hardly bear to look at it. â€Å"Then we'll do it. Right here, right now. And we'll see if you can take me with you.† Those eyes were mesmerizing, not with any hidden Power, but with the sheer force of his will. Bonnie wanted to do it for him-he made her want to do anything for him. But the memory of that last dream was too much. She couldn't face that horror again; she couldn't. â€Å"Stefan, it's too dangerous. I could be opening myself up to anything-and I'm scared. If that thing gets hold of my mind, I don't know what might happen. I can't, Stefan. Please. Even with a Ouija board, it's just inviting him to come.† For a moment she thought he was going to try to make her do it. His mouth tightened in an obstinate line, and his eyes blazed even brighter. But then, slowly, the fire died out of them. Bonnie felt her heart tear. â€Å"Stefan, I'm sorry,† she whispered. â€Å"We'll just have to do it on our own,† he said. The mask was back on, but his smile looked stiff, as if it hurt him. Then he spoke more briskly. â€Å"First we have to find out who this killer is, what he wants here. All we know now is that something evil has come to Fell's Church again.† â€Å"But why?† said Bonnie. â€Å"Why would anything evil just happen to pick here? Haven't we been through enough?† â€Å"It does seem a bit of a strange coincidence,† Meredith said drolly. â€Å"Why should we be so singularly blessed?† â€Å"It's not coincidence,† said Stefan. He got up and lifted his hands as if unsure how to start. â€Å"There are some places on this earth that are†¦ different,† he said. â€Å"That are full of psychic energy, either positive or negative, good or evil. Some of them have always been that way, like the Bermuda Triangle and Salisbury Plain, the place where they built Stonehenge. Others become that way, especially where a lot of blood has been shed.† He looked at Bonnie. â€Å"Unquiet spirits,† she whispered. â€Å"Yes. There was a battle here, wasn't there?† â€Å"In the Civil War,† Matt said. â€Å"That's how the church in the cemetery got ruined. It was a slaughter on both sides. Nobody won, but almost everyone who fought got killed. The woods are full of their graves.† â€Å"And the ground was soaked with blood. A place like that draws the supernatural to it. It draws evil to it. That's why Katherine was attracted to Fell's Church in the first place. I felt it too, when I first came here.† â€Å"And now something else has come,† Meredith said, perfectly serious for once. â€Å"But how are we supposed to fight it?† â€Å"We have to know what we're fighting first. I think†¦Ã¢â‚¬  But before he could finish, there was a creak and pale, dusty sunlight fell across the bales of hay. The barn door had opened. Mrs. Flowers, who owned the boarding house, smiled at them, her little black eyes crinkling into wrinkles. She was carrying a tray. â€Å"I thought you children might like something to drink while you're talking,† she said comfortably. Everyone exchanged disconcerted glances. How had she known they were out here? And how could she be so calm about it? â€Å"Here you go,† Mrs. Flowers continued. â€Å"This is grape juice, made from my own Concord grapes.† She put a paper cup beside Meredith, then Matt, then Bonnie. â€Å"And here are some gingersnap cookies. Fresh.† She held the plate around. Bonnie noticed she didn't offer any to Stefan or Damon. â€Å"You two can come round to the cellar if you like and try some of my blackberry wine,† she said to them, with what Bonnie would swear was a wink. Stefan took a deep, wary breath. â€Å"Uh, look, Mrs. Flowers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"And your old room's just like you left it. Nobody's been up there since you went. You can use it when you want; it won't put me out a bit.† Stefan seemed at a loss for words. â€Å"Well-thank you. Thank you very much. But -â€Å" â€Å"If you're worried I'll say something to somebody, you can set your mind at ease. I don't tend to run off at the mouth. Never have, never will. How's that grape juice?† -turning suddenly on Bonnie. Bonnie hastily took a gulp. â€Å"Good,† she said truthfully. â€Å"When you finish, throw the cups in the trash. I like things kept tidy.† Mrs. Flowers cast a look about the barn, shaking her head and sighing. â€Å"Such a shame. Such a pretty girl.† She looked at Stefan piercingly with eyes like onyx beads. â€Å"You've got your work cut out for you this time, boy,† she said, and left, still shaking her head. â€Å"Well!† said Bonnie, staring after her, amazed. Everyone else just looked at each other blankly. † ‘Such a pretty girl'-but which?† said Mere-dith at last. â€Å"Sue or Elena?† Elena had actually spent a week or so in this very barn last winter-but Mrs. Flowers wasn't supposed to know that. â€Å"Did you say something to her about us?† Meredith asked Damon. â€Å"Not a word.† Damon seemed amused. â€Å"She's an old lady. She's batty.† â€Å"She's sharper than any of us gave her credit for,† Matt said. â€Å"When I think of the days we spent watching her potter around that basement-do you think she knew we were watching?† days we spent watching her potter around that basement-do you think she knew we were watching?† â€Å"And grape juice, don't forget that.† Matt grinned at Stefan. â€Å"Want some?† He proffered the leaky cup. â€Å"Yeah, you can take your grape juice and†¦Ã¢â‚¬  But Stefan was almost smiling himself. For an instant Bonnie saw the two of them the way they used to be, before Elena had died. Friendly, warm, as comfortable together as she and Meredith were. A pang went through her. But Elena isn't dead, she thought. She's more here than ever. She's directing everything we say and do. Stefan had sobered again. â€Å"When Mrs. Flowers came in, I was about to say that we'd better get started. And I think we should start with Vickie.† â€Å"She won't see us,† Meredith replied instantly. â€Å"Her parents are keeping everyone away.† â€Å"Then we'll just have to bypass her parents,† Stefan said. â€Å"Are you coming with us, Damon?† â€Å"A visit to yet another pretty girl? I wouldn't miss it.† Bonnie turned to Stefan in alarm, but he spoke reassuringly as he guided her out of the barn. â€Å"It'll be all right. I'll keep an eye on him.† Bonnie hoped so.

Introduction . Hacking Is A Type Of Cybercrime That Is

Introduction Hacking is a type of cybercrime that is majorly propagated through the internet. The propagators of this vice always take advantage of security lapses within the different systems. The reason for hacking is to allow access to a particular information that is considered private. This paper delves in assessing the morality of hacking with respect to the different cyber laws. Moreover, it utilizes the case study of Gary McKinnon to put the topic into perspective. The two sides of this case study are explored in details in the subsequent paragraphs. On one hand, it involves highlighting the reasons in support Gary McKinnon’s innocence. On the other hand, it elaborates the different reasons to show that Gary McKinnon breached the†¦show more content†¦It must be noted that according to the Criminal Damage Act of 1971, information is considered as property. This law was used in UK to prosecute an offender who got access to a system. He was prosecuted and charged for causing damage to information even though the property was not tangible. Kant also noted that hackers always use subcultures that cover them from being seen and caught. The fact that the hackers use subcultures show that their acts are not morally acceptable (Levy 2010). Therefore, according to Kant, Gary McKinnon’s actions were wrong and went against the laws of morality (Bullock, 2005). Utilitarianism on Gary McKinnon’s actions Utilitarianism is considered as an act that majorly supports welfare of people that are engaged in activities. These activities can be good or bad. According to this theory, people should always engage in any activity that makes them happy. This theory highlights that when people find happiness, they always tend to prosper more. Thus, this law supports the actions of hacking if it is done to support the society’s welfare. This theory supports hacking as long as it is done to make the society and the propagator happy (Moor, 2007). It is critical to highlight that Gary McKinnon decided to hack the system because he wanted to get an evidence of a cover-up. In this case, Gary McKinnon’s intention was not to delete the files in the system. He was trying to protect the interests of theShow MoreRelatedCybercrime And Its Effects On Society1239 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract-This research explores the different forms of cybercrime and its effects on society when compared to several years ago. Moreover, it focuses on the changes that have been made to fight the rise of cybercrimes. With the advances in technology allowing society to stay interconnected online, criminals, both who is not an expert and experienced, have taken advantage of growing opportunities. By taking into consideration the dangers on this issue, it is important to take action and provide solutionsRead MoreThe Common Forms Of Cyber Theft1373 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Discussing the terms of cybercrimes can be founded in several sources. Many schoolers have defined the term of cybercrimes in general sense and narrow sense. The term cybercrime in a narrow sense is â€Å"Any illegal behavior directed by means of electronic operations that target the security of computer systems and the data processed by them† (Gercke, 2012). Also it has been defined in a broader sense as â€Å"illegal behavior committed by means of, or in relation to, a computer system orRead MoreThe Common Forms Of Cyber Theft1358 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Discussing the terms of cybercrimes can be founded in several sources. Many schoolers have defined the term of cybercrimes in general sense and narrow sense. 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There are benefits to hacktivismRead MoreComputer Technology And Its Impact On Computer Crime1296 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition may seem fitting on a global basis the idea of cybercrime can encompass any valu able information of an individual, company, government, or military entity. The term hacker came about in the early 80’s defining a coup of people where were proficient at manipulating computers. However, in 2016 the Oxford Dictionary defines hacker as â€Å"a person who uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data†. In the early stages of cybercrime hackers spread programs called worms, computer viruses andRead MoreDigital Evidence And Law Enforcement Essay1137 Words   |  5 PagesSince the introduction of computer and technology, they have become the new weapon in committing crime, and to the burgeoning science of digital evidence, law enforcement now use computers to fight crime. Nevertheless, digital evidence is information stored, transmitted, and received in binary form that can potentially be relied on as evidence in court. Notwithstanding, digital evidence is commonly associated with crimes that involve such devices, such as a computer hard drives, exte rnal storageRead MoreHow Cybercrime Has Impacted Crime Investigations1825 Words   |  8 PagesHow Cybercrime Has Impacted Crime Investigations By Tyler O’Neal Criminal Investigations Dr. Greg Etter 11/20/2015 Technology is forever changing and evolving. Just when one thinks that they have the latest and greatest in the world of technology something better comes along. This phenomenon does not just affect whether one has the newest phone, laptop, or gaming device, but, rather, has a much broader impact than that. I am talking about the relatively new concept of cybercrime. Crime

Construction Of An Underground Network Of Tunnels

Introduction In the 1850s over 400,000 tonnes of waste and sewage was being discharged into the River Thames each day. By 1858 the stench from the raw sewage around and within the Thames was named the ‘Great Stink’. It was a Civil Engineer named Joseph Bazalgette who proposed a plan of the creation of an underground network of tunnels, to put an end to the polluted river. His engineering feat has been improved and extended vastly but the Victorian Sewers still stand as London’s primary sewer system. The sewers were designed to be a combined system meaning rainwater and waste were transported in the same manner. Bazalgette designed Combined Sewage Overflow (CSO) points along the Thames. The CSO’s discharged the sewage and rainwater into the Thames after substantial rainfall, this prevented flooding the streets and houses. When designing the sewers, population increase was taken into consideration. (16) The underground system and factories were designed to treat and trans fer sewage of up to double the population that was present when construction began. However the population of London almost quadrupled from 2.35 Million in 1850 (19) to 8.17 million in 2011(7). This drastic increase meant that the sewers were overloaded. The CSO’s were overflowing with only 2mm of rainfall and on average discharging into the Thames around twice a week. The head of Thames Water Phil stride, said â€Å"Currently, 32 million cubic metres of storm sewage overflows from London s Victorian sewers intoShow MoreRelatedHistory: Tunnels and Engineers845 Words   |  3 Pagesground has become increasingly congested. Tunnels provide some of the last available space for cars and trains, water and sewage, and even power lines. Today, its safe to bore through mountains and burrow beneath oceans; however it was not always this easy. In fact, it took engineers thousands of years to perfect the art of digging tunnels. Before cars and trains, tunnels carried only water. Roma n engineers created the most extensive network of tunnels in the ancient world. They built sloping structuresRead More Holland Tunnel Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesHolland Tunnel It has taken engineers thousands of years to perfect the art of digging tunnels. Today tunnels provide available space for cars and trains, water and sewage, even power and communication lines. However, before cars and trains, tunnels carried only water. The first to use tunnels on a major scale were the Romans. Roman engineers created the most extensive network of tunnels in the ancient world. The Romans built aqueducts to carry water from mountain springs to cities and villages;Read MoreThe, Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus1382 Words   |  6 Pageslead into an underground area beneath the arena. 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Women Are Cunning And Beast Like From The Waist They Are...

With a riotous appetite. Down from the waist they are centaurs, Though woman all above. But to the girdle do the gods inherit; Beneath is all the fiend’s. There’s hell, there’s darkness [4.6.121-125] Why call women centaurs? Aren’t Centaurs male? This use of the word makes the passage lose all of its intended meaning. To justify the use of this word, readers jump to the easy conclusion that Lear is trying to say that women are cunning and beast-like or that analyzing this may be going a little too deep. But, if King Lear chooses to overlook the entire picture that surrounds centaurs, there will be those who choose to question his choice of words and his credibility; which weakens his plea for pity and tarnishes his image as the wronged father. By referring to his daughters as centaurs, he fails to take the history and the entire construct of centaurs and creates a very distorted image, unintentionally proving to himself and the audience that he is weakened, scared and undeserving of sympathy. With the use of one word, he has tarnished his image as a king and a wronged protagonist on many levels. To start, the history and etymology of the word needs to be taken into consideration. According to the OED, a centaur referred to â€Å"A member of a people of ancient Thessaly renowned for their skill with horses†. The OED also mentions that that the Greeks coined this term to refer to a partnership that was not familiar to them; a partnership between man and horse that would become

Significant Ethical Issues Faced By IKEA †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Significant Ethical Issues Faced By IKEA. Answer: Introduction: This project focuses on the importance of ethics in the business. It would help in generating understanding about the need of ethics, its importance and the consequences of unethical practices with the help of IKEA. It is a multinational company which provides all home and office needs in the day to day life. Its ethical practices lead it towards one of the largest supplier of home and office furniture. These issues are also discussed with the help of Carrolls four part model of corporate responsibility. It also discusses the key stakeholders and ethical behavior of the company towards them which also helps in generating understanding about the need and benefits of ethics in competitive business environment. Significant ethical issues faced by IKEA: IKEA is originated from Sweden, it multinational company which is also having more than 340 outlets present at 28 different countries. It is also ranked 46 in top brands list by Forbes Worlds Most Valuable Brands. It is one of the worlds largest furniture retailer providing attractive designs in low prices due to continuous improvement on product development and materials (IKEA, 2017). Company is also having a strong base of around 9500 products serving all around the world. IKEA is known for the ethical policies and providing equal opportunities at the work place with facilitating the employees and workers so that it can helps the company to manage. But companies have to face several ethical issues in the past decade which resulted to criticism in the media and global market. The issues were related to human rights, product quality and environmental issues in some of the countries it is functioning (Crane, and Matten, 2016). It also faced problem of spying the employees and recently on more problem rose relating to living conditions and problems of basic facilitated due to under paid money. Some other problems company faced are relating to the material it is using in the product manufacturing. Information available in sustainability report and actual practices were found different in case of leather and cotton made products (Ethical consumer, 2017). Recent ethics failure issue is observed in Eastern Europe where some of the drivers were working in extremely bad conditions there were some who are so much underpaid that they are managing to live in the trucks this payment is below the national minimum wages in the county where they are driving (Conway, 2017). Some of the taxi drivers were even sleeping in the cabs over 3-4 months time due to scarcity of money. The other case was related to undercover work behind the employees in this casemanagement hired external security agency to provide information about the activities of the employees and checking for the police records of more than 200 employees and customers (Samuel, 2012). Company fired managers responsible for such issue and paid for the penalty by court of France. Human right issues in Germany were one of the ethical issues faced by IKEA due to activities they performed it happened when prisoners were allotted the furniture work as CSR activity. During the furniture production some of the convicts were forced to work hard and those refuses were physically tortured and punished for denying such activity. IKEAmanagement regretted for such activity performed by its suppliers. Another scandal damaging ethical practices was in its product, famous meat balls having some content of horse meat as per the medical test of the product. This also hampered the ethical practices although company brought back the product from all over the Europe having issue but it puts negative impression on the customers (Meikle, 2013). Company also assured the customers for non-happening of such problem again and sued the vendor supplying the meat. It also assured that horse meat is not harmful to eat. IKEAs vision, mission and code of practice influencing its actions: Company tries to improve life of their stakeholders, especially customers, employees, suppliers and society. It is implemented through the core value preposition consist of core values 10, vision statement and suppliers code of conduct. They all together help to direct the various actions that are performed in IKEA (IKEA GROUP, 2016). It also includes procurement of the raw material from the sources having least environment loss, rather than taking it from protected forests. The team which is recruited is also having experience at the training program about the vision and the practices that are adapted at IKEA to create value in the eyes of the customers. It works to achieve quality products at affordable price by optimizing the whole supply chain, with the help of the long term suppliers contracts and relationships. Vision and Mission: IKEA is having vision To create a better every day life for the many people. Company is functioning for the achievement of the vision from starting this is the reason for the wide variety and designs of the products it is supplying to the various countries. However it lacks specific contents about the achievements but still company is focused product development, customers interests and towards long term relationships with the suppliers and customers so it focuses regularly on the product development and lower cost products. It also introduced some products which are having maximum use of the recycled material (Aguinis and Glavas, 2012). Organisation also focuses on women empowerment having equal opportunities for women to work and have position in themanagement seat. It also introduced talent program where new ideas and creative products are appreciated from the employees and they are given responsibility to develop the same. Cost efficiency is also considered as another component o f core values which has leads IKEA to grow as one of the giants in the home furnishing industry. It also accepts ideas and implement change quickly which brings confidence among the employees and boosts the confidence of the manufacturing team with new products every time (Brammer et al., 2012). The work place environment and other additional facilities to the employees results to have diversifies but good place for working with learning, this also leads to growth of both the organisation and employees. Code of practice: Code of practice involves regular improvement in the Products Company is highly focused in product innovation and new designs which fulfill the specific needs of the clients. This is the reason it is having more than 9500 types of products available for the customers. The use of supplier conduct is also empowering the organisation to maintain healthy and transparent relations (Schirone, and Torkan, 2012). They strictly warns to suppliers against uses of child labour, forced or bonded labour, discrimination and harassment it has set standards for the overtime and minimum wages to maintain long lasting relationship. Company is also strict on unethical practices such as corruption, bribe and any other kind of fraud it takes strict actions against such cases. Same also applies on the vendors and suppliers if they found suing any of such practices than they are also terminated from the services and legal action is taken (Blodgett, et al., 2011). Company also have priority of having customer safety recently there were some issues with beach chair having problem in re-assembly after wash result to injury in fingers this product is full refunded by the company without even asking for receipt of purchase (The Guardian, 2017). On the other side some chocolate products which caused problem to allergic persons recalled from the markets due absence of proper ingredient information on the packing. IKEAs CSR actions from the perspective of Carrolls Four Part Model of Corporate Social Responsibility: Carrolls corporate social responsibility pyramid is widely used by topmanagement in various organisations. IKEA is also functioning as a leader in the field of CSR activities whether it is plastic recycling plant or employment to Syrian refugees and other practices with nonprofit organisations and other social causes. This model helps managers to overcome the various possible obligations and expectations of the society with the business. Carrolls model discusses four major points which are prioritized on the basis of their importance for the growth and sustainability of the company. Economic, legal, ethics and discretionary responsibilities are key expectations of the society with an organisation (Yelkikalan, and Kose, 2012). The foundation of the model is based on the economic responsibility having priority on economic performance, it means maximizing profits, minimizing costs and planning for good amount of returns for the stakeholders is the first priority among the four parts. Th e next part focuses on legal compliances and following other regulations such as taxation, accounting, pollution emissions and other requirements necessary for the functioning of the business at a particular place. IKEA is functioning in several countries its legal compliances are the reason for successfully sustaining in diversified business places (Ihlen, and von Weltzien Hoivik, 2015). It also binds companies on employment, health and safety and healthy competition without use of unlawful object to compete in the market. The next part considers ethical responsibility which includes eliminating the practices which are disputed it is different from legal boundation but important to follow by business. It is the values and morals which are acceptable in the society sticking with law. It is also required to inculcate emerging values and society norms so as to maintain a recognized position in the society. It helps in maintaining good relation with the society due to actions which are favoring the society. The practices like health, bonus and other additional services to the employees. Work culture and healthy environment to the employees, relationship with the suppliers is termed as ethical responsibility (Fitjar, 2011). The last part in the model is Philanthropic responsibility which involves the sense of belongingness, so the organisation moves in the direction of returning back something which it receives from the surroundings. IKEA is working with Red Cross society, UNIECEF and renewable energy proje cts for serving the society what it takes from them. Three key relationship attributes: power, legitimacy and urgency: This model is useful for the business analysts having need to understand the preference to be given and the level of attention to a particular stakeholder. It also leads to choosing the appropriate communication approach for the stakeholder groups. Power is the authority which is present with each of the stakeholders in the company, legitimacy is related with the need or truth behind the fact and last urgency is related to the tasks which cannot be delayed they need immediate response. This technique is related to the stakeholders having different needs and relationship with the company (Toro, 2014). It distinguishes the stakeholders in to various groups and then decides the action plans for them to manage relationships in long term. IKEA is also having different associated stakeholders from employees, customers to suppliers and society. Depending upon the relationship attributes they are given response for the sustainability of the organisation. Dormant stakeholders are having power to force what they want from the organisation but due to lack of legitimacy and urgency their power remains inactive IKEA need to inform these types of stakeholders about decisions other information. Next category is latent stakeholders which hold legitimacy, they absence power and urgency but they can be very helpful in case organisation is facing problems. They are advocates, legal advisors and chartered accountants or problem solving team of the organisations. Demanding stakeholders are lacking power and legitimacy but have urgent claim needs so they are required to be communicated about the facts but it is required to have relatively low focus on them. Dangerous and dominant stakeholders are more or less same they are having strong influence on the organisation they need informed and satisfied they include top level management and directors (Epinearticles, 2016). Dependent is the last category where stakeholders are dependent on the organization for the information in the absen ce of balance they leave/ switch to other projects. Employees: they are the pillars of the organisation responsible for the key functioning of the organisation. They are interested in the company sue to employment and promotions in case company perform better (Rothaermel, 2015). So they are also induced in high power and high interest category. Shareholders: they are the external persons investing in the company in small part but large in numbers. They are highly influenced with the decisions and operation of the company. They are classified as high power and high interest. Government: IKEA is functioning in various countries so it is required to fulfill the requirements of that nation. Whereas government is also have benefits from the growth of the organization in terms of taxes and employment supporting economy. This also helps government in developing infrastructure and other facilities. Competitors: they are addressed as high power but lacking urgency and legitimacy but there is need to have regular scanning of the steps they are taking so that IKEA is able to take response actions towards competing with rivals. Customers: they are the parties which are using the products produced by IKEA they are having interest in the quality, price and after sale service of the company. they also attracts towards brand value and marketing so it is considered that they are also having high power but lack legitimacy and urgency but they needs to be focused carefully to gain loyalty. All the stakeholders are important for IKEA but the most significant position is with the customers of the organisation. In the absence of customers; Company, business and employees all are having no reason to operate so it is required to focus on the interests of the customers. IKEA is treating its stakeholders ethically; it takes views of the employees towards work place, it also donates handsome amount of money from sales of products towards child education and stopping child labour. It is also raising funds for UNICEF. It also developed IWAY for the suppliers having standards with suppliers code of conduct for serving the interests of the suppliers (IKEA Group, 2016). Recommendations for the organisation to be a more ethical company in the future: IKEA is having clear focus towards sustainability in ethics, social responsibility and environmental issues such as green house gas, carbon trading and renewable energy but still it is facing issues of unethical practices in recent years so the possible recommendations are as below: Transparency and sustainability: IKEA is already focused towards the process of transparency in the operations and other activities including taxation, accounting and material procurement but it still need more improvement in the sustainable development which is to focus towards more recycled products and low carbon emission which will also help to improve ranking of the company in top ethical companies (Parguel, et al., 2011). It also includes increased use renewable energy resource and energy efficient process of operations. Avoiding mistakes: It is also observed that the products that are introduced in the market are having some problems although it produces products with utmost safety and testing. The products which are supplied are also having user manual which contains its assembling process and use of the product but still some cases are still which are negatively impacting the image of the company so it need to be focused towards zero defect or we can say that products having least safety hazards (Edward, 2017). Company must take expert comments or surveys to review any kind of problem in the product. Recalling product is appreciable but it is required to minimize such chances of product recall. Increased awareness: There is a need to generate more awareness in the organisation towards ethics and corporate governance which will result to maintain good name in the competitive market. The problems like fraud, bribery and corruption leads to damage the image of the organisation and customers as well as other authorities remember these issues over long period of time (Vollmer, 2014). Company also requires taking care of the suppliers and product packaging which have issues in past years of operations. Independent Academic experts: Experts are having problem finding and solving skills they are having vast experience of various issues they have faced during the working environment. They are the external bodies which are having no interest in the companies so they provide actual advice about issues and products helping to improve business practice and products. Disclosure and accounting policies: IKEA is known for good practices and quality products with innovative designs but it is also observed that company adjusted its profits in such a manner that it has able to save taxes in Australia continent with having sales of $1 billion but the taxes paid against this sales is just $10.7 million. This clearly indicated the internal adjustments and inflating expenses to avoid tax which is also an unethical practice which may lead to penalties in future (Greenblat, 2016). So it is required to use fair accounting and paying taxes that will also improve goodwill and recognition in the society. Conclusion: Ethical practices in the business operations are termed as competitive advantages over the competitors. This report focused on the significance of stakeholders, ethical practices and the steps taken by IKEA to overcome from the various issues such as product defect, tax evasion, human rights etc. Power, legitimacy and urgency attributes were also discussed to understand stakeholders in ethics. It also discusses the management decisions which resulted to manage business in various countries due to continuous focus and improvement. At the end some recommendations are also provided for the improvement in some of the issues still faced by IKEA. References: Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., (2012) What we know and dont know about corporate social responsibility a review and research agenda,Journal of management,38(4), pp. 932-968. Blodgett, M. S., Dumas, C., and Zanzi, A. (2011) Emerging trends in global ethics: A comparative study of US and international family business values,Journal of Business Ethics,99(1), pp. 29-38. Brammer, S., Jackson, G. and Matten, D., (2012) Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance,Socio-Economic Review,10(1), pp. 3-28. Conway, Z. (2017) Ikea drivers living in trucks for months. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-39196056 (Accessed: 13 September 2017). Crane, A., and Matten, D. (2016)Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. UK: Oxford University Press. Edward, J. (2017) You might want to check if you own any of these recalled Ikea items. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/worklife/a10395528/ikea-recalled-products/ (Accessed: 14 September 2017). Epinearticles, (2016) Who are the stakeholders of IKEA?. [Online]. Available at: https://epinearticles.wordpress.com/2016/08/29/who-are-the-stakeholders-of-ikea/ (Accessed: 13 September 2017). Ethical consumer (2017) IKEA Ltd - Pollution Toxics. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/companystories.aspx?CompanyId=45436CategoryId=288190 (Accessed: 14 September 2017). Fitjar, R. D. (2011) Little big firms? Corporate social responsibility in small businesses that do not compete against big ones,Business Ethics: A European Review,20(1), pp. 30-44. Greenblat, E. (2016) Ikea pays just $10.7m tax on nearly $1bn in sales. [Online]. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/ikea-pays-just-107m-tax-on-nearly-1bn-in-sales/news-story/082ee48185383b477916994a9e7c4c0c (Accessed: 14 September 2017). Ihlen, ., and von Weltzien Hoivik, H. (2015) Ye olde CSR: The historic roots of corporate social responsibility in Norway,Journal of Business Ethics,127(1), pp. 109-120. IKEA (2017) This is Ikea. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ikea.com/gb/en/this-is-ikea/ (Accessed: 14 September 2017). IKEA Group (2016) Sustainability report FY16. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/img/ad_content/IKEA_Group_Sustainability_Report_FY16.pdf (Accessed: 14 September 2017). IKEA GROUP (2016) Yearly summary FY16. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ikea.com/gb/en/doc/ikea-read-ikea-group-yearly-summary- 2016__1364328887312.pdf (Accessed: 14 September 2017). Meikle, J. (2013) Horsemeat scandal: Ikea withdraws all meatballs from UK stores. [Online]. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/feb/25/horsemeat-scandal-ikea-meatballs-uk (Accessed: 13 September 2017). Nalband, N. A., and Kelabi, S. A. (2014) Redesigning Carrolls CSR pyramid model,Journal of Advanced Management Science,2(3) pp. 236-238. Parguel, B., Benot-Moreau, F., and Larceneux, F. (2011) How sustainability ratings might deter greenwashing: A closer look at ethical corporate communication,Journal of business ethics,102(1), pp. 15. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015)Strategic management. US: McGraw-Hill Education. Samuel, H. (2012) Ikea in France says sorry for spying on staff. [Online]. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/9190652/Ikea-in-France-says-sorry-for-spying-on-staff.html (Accessed: 13 September 2017). Schirone, D. A., Torkan, G. (2012) The integration of environmental responsibility in corporate strategy: the case of IKEA,International Proceedings of Economics Development Research,28, pp. 27-31. The Guardian, (2017) Ikea issues global recall for deckchair after reports of injuries. [Online]. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/jan/24/ikea-global-recall-mysingso-beach-chair (Accessed: 14 September 2017). Toro, M (2014) POWER, LEGITIMACY AND URGENCY MODEL. [Online]. Available at: https://requirementstechniques.wordpress.com/stakeholder-analysis/power-legitimacy-and-urgency-model/ (Accessed: 15 September 2017). Vollmer, S. (2014) How to become one of the worlds most ethical companies. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cgma.org/magazine/2014/mar/20149847.html (Accessed: 14 September 2017). Yelkikalan, N., and Kse, C. (2012) The effects of the financial crisis on corporate social responsibility,International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(3) pp. 292-298.